News
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Silicafume production capacity
What is the impact of the sudden production cuts by silicon material leaders? Xinte Energy and Hesheng Silicon Industry responded that on the evening of December 24, two photovoltaic silicon material giants, Tongwei Co., Ltd. and Daquan Energy, suddenly announced production cuts. According to reporters, GCL Technology will also release an orderly production cut announcement today. This series of news has made the production of industrial silicon even worse. It is likely that the industrial silicon plants that are still in production will stop production one after another, and silicafume, a by-product of our industrial silicon smelting, will be in short supply for a long time.From February to June 2025, it will be a huge challenge for us silicafume suppliers. Under such a long period of shutdown and shortage, the price of silicafume will rise and there will be an extreme situation where there is no stock to ship. How to ensure that customers are not affected by the market requires us to think and prepare in advance.
2024 12/26
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silicafume wenter
Every winter, southwest China enters the dry season, and water and electricity costs rise. Since electricity costs are one of the main costs of smelting industrial silicon, the production cost of silicon plants is increased. The downstream market of industrial silicon is polysilicon and organic silicon. Due to their insufficient demand, industrial silicon is overproduced, and the sales price will be below the cost price. These two reasons have led to a large number of industrial silicon production stoppages this winter. This ultimately led to the scarcity of silicon ash, a byproduct formed by the recovery of tail gas produced by smelting industrial silicon. How long this cold winter of industrial silicon and its downstream product polysilicon will last remains to be seen. There is no sign of improvement at present, which has directly led to the urgent shortage of silica ash, which may continue until June-July 2025. This difficult situation has never occurred before. This is the cold winter of silicafume this time.
2024 12/25
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Yushui, Jiangxi: Optimizing the Innovation Ecology and Deepening Industry University Research Cooperation
It's hard to imagine that these seemingly unrelated products, such as phone panels, tires, and curved ceramic tiles, all contain the same type of stone material - wollastonite. Wollastonite, as an industrial mineral raw material, is widely used in various industries such as ceramics, rubber and plastic, coatings and paints, glass fibers, ceramic fibers, etc., "said Shen Jianjun, General Manager of Nanfang Wollastonite Co., Ltd. in Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province. Xinyu Nanfang Wollastonite Co., Ltd. is a large-scale and specialized enterprise engaged in the mining, research and development, fine processing, and sales of wollastonite. In recent years, enterprises have vigorously implemented technological transformation, strengthened scientific and technological innovation, focused on improving the technological content and added value of products, enhanced the market competitiveness of products and enterprises, and continuously expanded their scale. Entering the automated production workshop of the enterprise, the production processes of filling, beneficiation, crushing, and grinding are running in an orderly manner. Through technological research and upgrading of the production line, we have successfully increased the grinding fineness of wollastonite from 800-3000 mesh to 3000-6000 mesh, which is 30 times finer than the ordinary flour we eat, "said Shen Jianjun. As a national high-tech enterprise, this company has long cooperated with universities and national research institutions, forming a development pattern of industry university research alliance based on Wuhan University and China University of Mining and Technology. As of now, the company has a total of 3 national invention patents and 7 utility model patents. Technological innovation is the key to enterprise transformation and upgrading, as well as an important engine for promoting high-quality development. In recent years, Yushui District in Xinyu City has adhered to innovation driven development, continuously optimized the innovation ecosystem, actively built a platform for industry university research cooperation, guided enterprises to increase investment in scientific and technological innovation, and continuously stimulated the driving force and vitality of scientific and technological innovation in the entire district. The precision of processing determines the width of downstream application fields, "said Shen Jianjun. Wollastonite is divided into different series according to particle size and mesh, such as ordinary powder, needle shaped powder, ultrafine powder, etc., and used as raw material to supply downstream application fields in different industries. From physical beneficiation to chemical beneficiation, from 2 series of products to 5 series of products... Seeking change towards "new" not only broadens the downstream industrial chain of enterprises, but also completes the transformation and upgrading from traditional ceramic and metallurgical markets to new material fields such as mobile phones, new energy vehicles, thermosetting plastics, etc. Focusing on key core technologies for technological breakthroughs and enhancing quality vitality through technological innovation is a necessary path for enterprise development. In the production workshop of Xinyu Likeda Technology Co., Ltd., also located in Yushui District, machines roar and a fully automated shield tunneling consumables production line is running at high speed. It is this production line independently developed by the enterprise that has helped break the foreign technology monopoly and become a leading enterprise in the domestic production of shield tail grease and spindle sealant. Since its establishment, Xinyu Likoda Technology Co., Ltd. has focused on the research and application of materials in the tunnel engineering industry, and has created its own brand and product system. Nowadays, the annual output of the company's shield machine spindle sealant can reach 160000 tons, with an annual output value of about 1 billion yuan. While stabilizing our existing flagship products, we will continue to devote ourselves to exploring and innovating in the field of tunnel operation and maintenance, striving to make new breakthroughs in areas such as anti-corrosion and dust suppression, tunnel water hazard control, and tunnel maintenance. When it comes to the future, Li Ning, the general manager of Licoda Company, is full of confidence. "The company will also vigorously expand its overseas business, leaving more Licoda footprints in global tunnel construction, allowing overseas industry peers to experience the charm of Chinese manufacturing silica fume for high-strength concrete, Heavy density silica fume,Highly active microsilica powder, Silica fume for grouting material, siliceous dust
2024 10/18
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Application of microsilica powder in the construction industry
Microsilica powder has many applications in the construction industry, as follows: 1. As concrete admixture: ● Improvement of strength: microsilica powder can fill the pores between the cement particles, react with the hydration products of cement to generate a gel, making the concrete more dense, thus significantly improving the compressive and flexural strength of concrete. For example, in some high-rise buildings, large-span bridges and other building structures with high strength requirements, the use of microsilica powder concrete can effectively enhance the structural load-bearing capacity. ● Enhancement of durability: It can improve the impermeability, frost resistance and chemical erosion resistance of concrete. The fine particles of microsilica powder can fill the tiny pores in the concrete, reduce the penetration of water and the intrusion of harmful ions, and prolong the service life of the concrete structure. For buildings in harsh environments such as coastal areas and salty soils, the use of microsilica powder concrete can better resist environmental erosion. ● Improvement of construction performance: microsilica powder has a good lubricating effect, which can reduce the pumping resistance of concrete, improve the pumpability of concrete, and facilitate construction operation. At the same time, it can also reduce the water secretion phenomenon of concrete and make the surface of concrete more flat and smooth. 2. Used in shotcrete works: ● Improve the adhesion and cohesion of shotcrete, greatly reduce the amount of rebound, increase the thickness of one-time molding of shotcrete, shorten the construction period, and save the cost of the project. It is widely used in the shotcrete construction of tunnel, subway, slope protection, etc. 3. 3. Application in new wall materials and finishing materials: ● Wall insulation materials: used in polymer mortar, thermal insulation mortar, interfacial agent, etc. It can improve the thermal insulation performance, bonding strength and durability of these materials and make the wall insulation system more stable and reliable. ● Construction putty powder: adding microsilica powder can improve the construction performance and strength of putty powder, make the wall surface flatter and smoother, and improve the decorative effect of the wall surface. 4. Application in refractory materials: ● Improve the fluidity and denseness of indeterminate refractory materials, and obviously improve the high-temperature strength and thermal shock of refractory materials. It can be used to make high-performance refractory castables, prefabricated parts, ladle materials, permeable bricks, self-flowing refractory castables and dry and wet spraying materials, etc. It is widely used in high-temperature equipments and kilns in the industries of coke ovens, iron-smelting, steel-making, non-ferrous metals, glass, ceramics and power generation. 5. Application in cement products: ● It can be used to make cement products such as cement pipes, cement boards, etc. It can improve the strength and durability of cement products and reduce the cracks and defects of the products. For example, in the production of cement products such as urban underground drainage pipes and building floor slabs, the application of microsilica powder can improve the quality of the products. 6. Application in foundation treatment: ● Mixed with cement and other materials and used for foundation reinforcement, it can improve the bearing capacity and stability of the foundation and reduce the settlement and deformation of the foundation. It has better application effect in soft ground foundation, filling foundation and other projects. Translated with DeepL.com (free version)
2024 09/11
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What positive effects can silica fume have on grout?
1. accelerate the hydration of the cementitious material system with silica fume to replace the equivalent weight of cement, the system 3d and 7d hydration exothermic greatly increased. Need to control the early hydration exothermic grout project in the selection of materials should pay special attention to this point. 2. improve the strength of grout when the silica fume and water reducing agent in line with the use of grout water-cement ratio can be reduced to very low, between the cement particles are filled with silica fume dense, grout compressive strength increased. Some studies have proved that the output of silica fume is too high, and the strength of grout has a tendency to decrease in the late stage. Silica fume grout early strength is good, commonly used in emergency repair works/high-level, playing the degree of mining, wear-resistant, anti-corrosion and other special projects. Waterworks on the use of silica fume high-strength grout to improve the strength of anti-impact abrasion. 3. increase the densification of silica fume particles are very small, can be filled in the pore space between the cement particles. Particle dense stacking, can reduce water secretion, reduce the average pore size of the capillary pores, and reduce the amount of water required. Silica fume dosage of 5% to 10%, you can get a good mixing effect. 4. improve the grout segregation and water secretion performance - after pouring concrete, often produce water from the grout in the separation of the phenomenon, that is, the formation of a water film in the surface layer, also known as floating slurry, so that the upper layer of grout distribution is not uniform, affecting the quality of construction. Silica fume mixed in more, the grout material is more difficult to segregate and water secretion. When the replacement rate reaches 15%, the grout slump even if it reaches 15~20cm, also almost does not produce segregation and water secretion; When the replacement rate reaches 20%~30%, the grout will be directly put into the tap water also should not produce segregation. Because of the silica fume on the grout segregation and water secretion performance improvement, so that mixed with silica fume grout can be used as a harbour, tunnels and other underwater projects. 5. improve the impermeability and chemical corrosion resistance of grout Due to the incorporation of silica fume to improve the densification of grout, greatly reducing the grout voids, effectively preventing the invasion of acid ions and corrosion, improve the impermeability of silica fume grout, chemical corrosion resistance, and corrosion resistance of steel reinforcement has also been improved. Silica fume for grouting materials, silica ash for grouting materials, micro-silica for grouting material
2024 09/04
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Scope and Fields of Use of Silica Fume
Scope of application: Commercial concrete, high-strength concrete, self leveling concrete, amorphous refractory materials, dry mixed (pre mixed) mortar, high-strength non shrinkage grouting material, wear-resistant industrial flooring, repair mortar, polymer mortar, insulation mortar, impermeable concrete, concrete compactor, concrete preservative, cement-based polymer waterproofing agent; Reinforcement of rubber, plastic, unsaturated polyester, paint, coatings, and other polymer materials, modification of ceramic products, and so on. Application areas: 1. Used in mortar and concrete: High-rise buildings, harbor docks, reservoir dams, water conservancy, culverts, railways, highways, bridges, subways, tunnels, airport runways, concrete pavements, and coal mine tunnels for anchor spraying reinforcement. 2. In the materials industry: (1) High end high-performance low cement refractory castables and prefabricated components have a service life three times that of ordinary castables, with a fire resistance increase of about 100 ℃, and significant improvements in high-temperature strength and thermal shock resistance. It has been widely used in industries such as coke ovens, ironmaking, steelmaking, steel rolling, non-ferrous metals, glass, ceramics, and power generation. (2) Large scale iron trenches and steel ladle materials, breathable bricks, application and repair materials, etc. (3) Application of self flowing refractory pouring materials and dry wet spraying construction. (4) Oxide bonded silicon carbide products (ceramic kiln furniture, flame plates, etc.). (5) High temperature calcium silicate lightweight insulation material. (6) Corundum mullite push plates are used for electric porcelain kilns. (7) High temperature wear-resistant materials and products. (8) Corundum and ceramic products. (9) Sailong combination products. In addition to being widely used in casting refractory materials, it has also been widely applied in electric melting and sintering refractory materials. 3. New wall materials and decorative materials: (1) Polymer mortar, insulation mortar, and interface agent are used for wall insulation. (2) Cement based polymer waterproof material. (3) Lightweight aggregate insulation energy-saving concrete and products. (4) Processing of putty powder for interior and exterior wall construction. 4. Other uses: (1) Raw materials for silicate bricks. (2) Produce water glass. (3) Used as a reinforcing material for organic compounds. Because its composition is similar to that of white carbon black produced by gas-phase method. It can be used as a filling and reinforcing material in polymer materials such as rubber, resin, coatings, paints, and unsaturated polyester. (4) Used as an anti caking agent in the fertilizer industry. silica fume for high-strength concrete, silica fume, silica powder, Silica fume for grouting material
2024 08/28
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White carbon black knowledge article: Why is it called white carbon black?
White carbon black is the general term of white powder X-ray amorphous silicic acid and silicate products, mainly referring to precipitated silica, fumed silica and ultra-fine silica gel, as well as powder synthetic aluminum silicate and silicate. White carbon black White carbon black is a porous substance, and its composition can be represented by SiO2 · nH2O, where nH2O exists in the form of surface hydroxyl groups. Soluble in caustic soda and hydrofluoric acid, insoluble in water, solvents, and acids (except hydrofluoric acid). Resistant to high temperatures, non flammable, odorless, tasteless, and has good electrical insulation properties. When it comes to white carbon black, many people naturally think of whether there is still black charcoal black? In fact, carbon black does exist. Carbon black, also known as carbon black, is an amorphous carbon. A light, loose, and extremely fine black powder with a very large surface area ranging from 10 to 3000 m2/g. It is a product of incomplete combustion or thermal decomposition of carbon containing substances (coal, natural gas, heavy oil, fuel oil, etc.) under conditions of insufficient air. Specific gravity 1.8-2.1. Made from natural gas is called "gas black", made from oil is called "lamp black", and made from acetylene is called "acetylene black". Carbon black can be used as a black dye, in the manufacture of inks, paints, etc., and also as a reinforcing agent for rubber. carbon black So what is the difference between white carbon black and carbon black? We're going to talk about a story here. In the 1840s, with the widespread production and application of car tires, a large amount of industrial carbon black was required. At that time, industrial carbon black was made from petroleum as raw material, and the preparation process required a large amount of petroleum. In order to avoid the risk of banned petroleum during World War II, Germany urgently needed a reinforcing additive that could replace carbon black for rubber tires. In 1941, the development of carbon black as a substitute filler for the tire industry began on the market. After research and development, a high-temperature hydrogen oxygen flame hydrolysis method has been created, successfully producing ultrafine particles of silica. This type of particle appears white and serves as the main substitute for carbon black, subsequently known as gas-phase white carbon black. Therefore, white carbon black and carbon black are two completely different products. The reason why white carbon black is also known as silicon dioxide is that its main component is silicon dioxide. silica fume for rubber, silica fume, microsilica, silica powder for tire
2024 08/21
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Silica Fume Suppliers: Where to Find High-Quality Products
1. Introduction about Chengdu Rongjian Engineering Materials Co.Ltd: Chengdu Rongjian Engineering Materials Co., Ltd. is a modern enterprise specializing in the research, production, processing, sales and technical service of silica fume. We have rich experience in the research and application of silica fume. According to your needs, we provide personalized products with various contents and densities as well as formulate packaging services. After years of operation, our company has established 10 production bases in China, with an annual output of more than 100,000 tons of silica fume. We provide silica fume with silica content of 85%-99% at all levels. Stable quality, good fluidity and excellent content indexes. Widely used in water conservancy and hydropower projects, offshore anticorrosive building special structure, advanced refractory industry, ceramics, highways, railroads, bridges, wear-resistant flooring, oilfield cementing and special cement, chemical industry, UHPC ultra-high performance concrete and other industries. 2. Here are some key features and benefits of working with Chengdu Rongjian Engineering Materials Co.Ltd: - Product Quality: Chengdu Rongjian Engineering Materials Co.Ltd is committed to providing customers with high-quality silica fume products. The company uses advanced production techniques to ensure that its silica fume products are consistent in quality and meet industry standards. - Technical Support: Chengdu Rongjian Engineering Materials Co.Ltd technical team has extensive experience in the construction materials industry and can provide practical solutions to complex challenges. - Product Range: Chengdu Rongjian Engineering Materials Co.Ltd offers a wide range of silica fume products to meet the needs of different construction applications. The company’s products range from standard-grade silica fume to ultra-fine silica fume, and can be customized to meet specific customer requirements. - Competitive Pricing: Chengdu Rongjian Engineering Materials Co.Ltd offers competitive pricing for its silica fume products, allowing customers to achieve cost savings without compromising on quality. 3.Conclusion: By working with a reputable supplier who can provide high-quality silica fume, you can ensure that your construction projects are built to the highest standards of strength, durability, and environmental sustainability. With the right supplier, you can take advantage of the many benefits that silica fume has to offer and achieve outstanding results in your construction projects.
2024 08/14
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Application of Silica Fume in Concrete
In the past forty years, silica fume as a modified material for concrete has received widespread attention from the industry. By adding a small amount of silica fume to concrete or replacing some cement with silica fume, combined with the use of water reducing agents or high-efficiency water reducing agents, the physical and mechanical properties of concrete can be significantly improved in all aspects. At the same time, the popularization and implementation of sustainable development and circular economy concepts have greatly promoted the application of silica fume. For cement mortar, there is a lack of strong impact and grinding effects of coarse aggregates during the mixing process. In order to ensure the good dispersion of densified silica fume in mortar and avoid the low storage and transportation efficiency of undisturbed silica fume, the silica fume can be slightly densified to a bulk density of 250-350kg/m3. Slightly densified silica fume is suitable for applications such as mortar and grouting materials. Another technical approach to solve the transportation and dispersion of silica fume is through the use of silica mortar products. Silica fume is mixed with water to form a suspended particle slurry with a solid content of 40-60%, which can be transported, conveyed, and mixed like a liquid additive. It is easy to use, dust-free, and can achieve the best dispersion effect. However, producing stable suspended slurry poses certain technical difficulties. The surface of silica fume particles has hydrophilicity and a very large specific surface area. To wet such a large surface area, a relatively large amount of water is required. Therefore, as the amount of silica fume increases (over 5%), the water demand or water/cement ratio needs to increase when the concrete mixture reaches the same slump. Similarly, when the water consumption or water cement ratio remains constant, as the amount of silica fume increases, the concrete becomes increasingly viscous. In order to effectively improve the strength and impermeability of concrete without increasing the water/cement ratio while achieving good workability, silica fume is generally used together with water reducing agents or high-efficiency water reducing agents. Freshly mixed silica fume concrete has strong cohesiveness and is not easy to separate. In the range of low silica fume content, which is less than 5% of the cementitious material, silica fume can actually reduce the viscosity of concrete mixtures. At this point, the particle shape of silica fume (spherical particles) plays a dominant role, that is, the ball lubrication effect of spherical particles exceeds their high specific surface area wetting water demand. That is to say, low dosage silica fume can not only improve the cohesiveness of concrete mixtures, but also enhance the fluidity of the mixture and reduce pumping pressure, making it very suitable for preparing high workability or self compacting concrete. silica fume for high-strength concrete, Heavy density silica fume,Highly active microsilica powder, Silica fume for grouting material,Silica ash,siliceous dust,White silica fume
2024 08/06
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Ultrafine processing process of needle-shaped wollastonite
Wollastonite, is an inorganic needle mineral. Its crystal form and structure have good insulating properties, as well as high whiteness, good dielectric properties and high heat and weather resistance. Therefore it is widely used in paper making, ceramics, chemical industry, metallurgy, plastics, coatings and other fields. The main purpose of the crushing process of wollastonite is to produce needle-like wollastonite with high aspect ratio. At present, the main method of ultrafine crushing is mill grinding, i.e., physical method, through the production of ultrafine vertical mill fine grinding, fine grinding production of ultrafine particle size 3-22 microns can be adjusted, the output of the product can be up to 1-50 tonnes per hour, the cost is low, the process is simple, and due to the mechanical-chemical effect of the milling process, it can improve the activity of the powder. Needle wollastonite grinding mill is an indispensable piece of scale equipment.Here we look at the needle wollastonite superfine processing process together:1-Crushing: large pieces of needle wollastonite need to be crushed first, into the grinding particle size control <10mm or less is appropriate.2-Grinding: the crushed material is uniformly fed into the mill, grinding under the force of grinding rollers.3-Grading: the ground material is blown up by the airflow into the classifier, the fineness of the qualified smooth passage, unqualified continue to fall back to the grinding, such as grinding more than 1500 mesh ultra-fine powder is recommended to enter the secondary grading system to sieve again. 4-Collection: the qualified materials selected into the pulse dust collector or cyclone collector, to achieve the separation of material and gas, the collected materials are sent to the next process through the discharge valve, most of the airflow to participate in the next cycle, and the excess airflow is cleaned by the pulse dust collector and then discharged to the atmosphere. 5-Conveyor: The unloading valve under the cyclone/pulse collector can be connected to the bulk loader for direct loading and transporting to the destination, or sent to the finished product warehouse for storage through the conveyor. Silica fume for refractory materials,Semi-encrypted silica fume,Silica fume for ceramics,Grey silica fume,Silica power,silica flour.
2024 07/08
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World's Largest Wollastonite Mine Discovered in Jiangxi Province
Recently, Jiangxi Province has made another breakthrough in geological exploration! This move not only maintains the reputation of the geological treasure area, but also unearths the world's largest wollastonite mine, which is renowned and dazzling all over the world. In the end, this largest wollastonite mine how powerful it is?Jiangxi Province Geological Exploration Fund project "Jiangxi Province, Xinyu City, Yushui District, Shizhushan - Shanggao County Zhangmuqiao wollastonite ore census" a total of 110.33 million tons of wollastonite resources ore, minerals, 69.55 million tons, of which 53.57 million tons of 333 types of ore, minerals, 34.78 million tons. The scale of its resources has exceeded the Canadian Seeleys Bay wollastonite deposit to become the world's largest wollastonite mine.It is understood that the project is located in Xinyu City, Renhe Township, Mengshan area, the planned volume of 21,310 metres, currently completing 6,625 metres of drilling footage, initially proved that the wollastonite reserves are huge, excellent conditions for the formation of wollastonite deposits are large-scale wollastonite deposits. The mine is not only large in scale, but also has good ore quality, large length-to-diameter ratio, and the average wollastonite content of the ore is over 63%.The project was set up by the former Jiangxi Provincial Department of Land and Resources in 2016, the Jiangxi Provincial Geological Survey Fund Management Centre is responsible for the organisation and implementation of the project, and the 224th brigade of Jiangxi Provincial Bureau of Coalfield Geology is the undertaking unit of exploration, and the census stage was completed in August 2018, with 36 drilling completed, and a total of 23,000 metres of footage. The provincial financial budget investment totals 29.16 million yuan, and the end of the project implementation is expected to obtain 30.94 million tonnes of wollastonite (Ⅱ ore layer) (333+334) resources and 18.6 million tonnes of minerals.After the supervision and review, the expert group and relevant persons in charge went to Xinyu City Yushui District Shizhushan - Shanggao County Zhangmuqiao wollastonite mining area to check the geological filling geological points, drilling holes, sealing holes, core storage, etc., and sampled all kinds of original geological data and comprehensive maps. The archives of the Office identified four holes of the mine, ZK801, ZK802, ZK803 and ZK804, as physical geological data of class II or above (including class II); the project acceptance expert group unanimously agreed that the project passed the field acceptance and was rated as excellent grade.Wollastonite is a calcium silicate mineral, due to its needle-like and fibrous crystal form and high whiteness and unique physicochemical properties, wollastonite is widely used in ceramics, paints, coatings, plastics, rubber, metallurgical protective slag, chemical industry, papermaking, welding rods as well as as as asbestos substitutes, abrasive binder, glass and cement ingredients, and so on.It is understood that Ganxi Mengshan area is one of China's important wollastonite ore production base, as early as the 1990s in the Mengshan rock body outside the contact zone has been found in Yueguangshan, Caofangmiao and other more than ten wollastonite deposits. However, no new progress has been made in finding wollastonite since then.Jiangxi Province has excellent geological conditions for mineralisation and is rich in mineral resources. After decades of geological exploration of minerals after the founding of New China, Jiangxi has won the reputation of "world tungsten capital" and "rare earth kingdom", and the province's copper, tungsten, uranium, tantalum, heavy rare earths, gold and silver are known as the "Seven Golden Flowers". ". The rich mineral resources have established Jiangxi's important position in China and even in the world in terms of non-ferrous metals, precious metals and rare earth mineral resources.In recent years, several mineral resources have been discovered in Jiangxi Province that have attracted the world's attention.On 1 April 2015, the tantalum-niobium mine project in the Geyuan mining area of Hengfeng reached extra-large scale, the largest in Asia at present, with a potential economic value of more than 50 billion yuan; on 13 October 2015, Pi Zikeng in Shangrao County locked up a large-scale resource-rich silver polymetallic mine; and on 5 January 2016, the ZhuXi tungsten mine in FuLiang County, JingDeZhen became the new world's largest tungsten mine with a potential economic value of 310 billion yuan; in April 2018, Dexing discovered a large gold mine with a reserve of 17 tonnes and a potential economic value of nearly 5 billion yuan.
2024 07/02
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Are you aware of these dozen uses of wollastonite?
Wollastonite products can be divided into two categories: high aspect ratio wollastonite and finely ground wollastonite. The former is mainly used in plastics, rubber, asbestos substitutes, paints and coatings by taking advantage of its needle-like physical and mechanical properties, which can increase the hardness, bending strength and impact resistance of the products, improve the electrical properties of the materials, and enhance the thermal and dimensional stability, which is the most promising application field. The latter is mainly used in the ceramic and metallurgical industries, where the Si0, and Ca0 components of wollastonite provide low expansion rates and good thermal shock resistance. Introduction to various applications of wollastonite: 1.Used in rubberIn different products, with specific wollastonite powder instead of Lide powder, part of the titanium dioxide, silica, light calcium, clay, etc., most of the performance indicators of the products have been improved. Application results show that wollastonite can improve the covering ability of white colourants, play a certain role in whitening; used in light-coloured rubber, can be a large number of substitutes for titanium dioxide and potter's clay and Rieter's powder, to play a certain role in reinforcing, and reduce the cost of the product. Wollastonite and coupling agent and use, can improve the performance of the rubber material, and expand its scope of application.2.Used in ceramic raw materialsWollastonite can be used to prepare a variety of electromagnetic porcelain, architectural porcelain and daily porcelain, the quality of its wollastonite requirements: SiO238% to 58%, CaO36% to 55%, CO2 ≤ 6%, Fe2O3 ≤ 1.7%. Ceramic raw materials account for about 40% to 45% of the world's total consumption of wollastonite. Wollastonite can densify the ceramic structure, improve mechanical strength, reduce the coefficient of wet expansion, improve the strength of the body and the quality of the press, reduce the firing temperature, shorten the firing cycle, to achieve the purpose of energy saving and efficiency. Wollastonite as building ceramics raw materials, can make the firing temperature reduced by 200 ℃ (from 1280 ℃ down to 1080 ℃), firing cycle from 58h shortened to 24h. In the glaze industry, the use of wollastonite as raw materials in the glazed bricks can achieve low-temperature rapid firing, firing oil savings of up to 30%; but also to improve the whiteness of the glaze, improve the liquidity of the performance, to reduce the prickly point of the product. Wollastonite can improve the thermal shock resistance of the body and solid-phase reaction to generate calcium feldspar (melting point 1550 ℃), can achieve low-temperature rapid sintering. Microscopic wollastonite chain enhances the connection between the glass phase particles, so that the products can withstand special mechanical processing such as sawing, drilling, etc., and it also provides a low-loss insulating crystalline phase, which can be used as electrical ceramics, electronic ceramics.3.Replacement of glass fibre as reinforcing filler for plasticsWollastonite for fillers is its most promising, highest value-added and fastest growing application areas. At present, the field accounts for about 25% of the total world consumption of wollastonite. Wollastonite can replace or partially replace the glass fibre as a polymer composite material reinforcement, improve material properties, reduce costs, play a dual role in increasing and strengthening. Currently wollastonite application research focuses on wollastonite-filled composites in electronic components, packaging materials, high-performance rubber and plastic products, automotive shells, moulds and optical discs and other fields of application. Silane coupling agent modified wollastonite reinforced nylon filler up to 50%, the impact strength increased more than 20 times, and has a very low moisture absorption rate; ultra-fine modified wollastonite and carbon fibre filled with PTFE resin can be made into durable, non-leakage of the body of the automatic sealing ring, applied to pressure reducing valves, butterfly valves, and compressors repeatedly in the shaft.4.For asbestos substitutesWollastonite has needle-like characteristics and low thermal expansion, excellent thermal shock resistance, is an ideal substitute material for short-fibre asbestos. Wollastonite used as asbestos substitute accounts for 20% to 25% of the total consumption of wollastonite in the world. High friction wollastonite asbestos replacement friction materials are mainly used in brake pads, valve plugs, automotive clutches and other fields. Some studies have shown that wollastonite needle powder partially replaces asbestos brake patches with good overall performance, its coefficient of friction below 300 ℃ is relatively stable, thermal degradation is not obvious, good recovery, friction loss rate is small, the impact strength of the product has been reduced, but it is higher than the national standard.5.Filler for paints and coatingsWollastonite colour and lustre, high reflectivity, suitable for the production of high-quality white paint and bright and transparent coloured paint. Paint coating quality requirements for wollastonite: SiO2 ≥ 49%, CaO ≥ 45%, Fe2O3 ≤ 0.2%, 325 mesh powder oil absorption of 20 ~ 25g/100g, water soluble matter ≤ 0.5%, water extraction pH value of 7 ~ 9, 325 mesh powder whiteness ≥ 90%. Needle wollastonite is a very good levelling agent, with high colour coverage and uniform distribution; it has UV-resistant properties, and is widely used in interior paints, exterior paints, special paints (especially fireproof paints) and emulsion paints. Wollastonite powder instead of titanium dioxide production of paints and coatings can not only improve the colour of the products, improve the finish of the paint, enhance the tensile ability of the paint, reduce cracks, but also reduce the amount of oil absorption, and enhance the ability to resist corrosion. The finer the particle size, whiteness, pH value is higher, the better the paint colour and coating, and paint alkaline can be used as anti-corrosion coating of steel and other metal equipment. Wollastonite can also be used as a filler for paints and coatings, which can improve the physical and chemical properties of the product, durability and weathering, and reduce the breakage and aging of the paint.
2024 06/24
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Application of wollastonite powder
Background and Overview:As an industrial filler with unique functions, wollastonite powder has needle-like and fibrous crystal forms, high whiteness, no crystal water, high melting point, small expansion coefficient, corrosion resistance, weather aging resistance, and good mechanical and electrical properties. and other characteristics, so it is widely used in industrial sectors such as ceramics, chemicals, hardware, construction, machinery, electronics, papermaking, automobiles, coatings, and plastics.However, due to the hydrophilic and oleophobic nature of wollastonite powder surface, its application in polymer systems is limited to a certain extent.Like other minerals, the properties of wollastonite powder are significantly different from those of the matrix material in the polymer.Such as density, surface energy, melting point, thermal expansion coefficient, surface properties, etc.The usual improvement method is to use organic acids, various coupling agents, etc. to modify the surface of inorganic fillers to increase the disp. Application:Wollastonite is a calcium-containing white metasilicate crystalline powder. After surface modification, fibrous wollastonite powder can be used as a filler and reinforcing agent for plastics and rubber. As natural wollastonite resources, especially high-quality wollastonite ore, are continuously mined and consumed, and modern industrial development places increasingly higher demands on the quality of wollastonite powder materials, the use of other mineral raw materials to artificially synthesize high-quality wollastonite powder has become a mineral powder preparation technology with important industrial application value. silica fume for high-strength concrete, Heavy density silica fume,Highly active microsilica powder, Silica fume for grouting material,Silica ash,siliceous dust,White silica fume.
2024 06/18
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Application and research progress of modified wollastonite
Wollastonite is an extremely important non-metallic mineral, the main chemical composition of which is calcium metasilicate (CaSiO3), which belongs to the trigonal system and is off-white in color. Wollastonite has a large aspect ratio, a natural needle-like structure, and stable performance, making it an excellent reinforcement material. In addition to its natural fibrous structure, wollastonite also has extremely low oil absorption, electrical conductivity, and dielectric loss. It is widely used in plastics, rubber, paints, coatings, and other fields, and can significantly improve the mechanical and tribological properties of the matrix, and improve the thermal stability and dimensional stability of the product. However, natural wollastonite is hydrophilic, and when mixed with organic polymers, it is unevenly dispersed due to different polarities, thereby reducing the mechanical properties of the filled products. In order to improve its dispersibility and compatibility in the organic matrix and the mechanical properties of the products, it is often necessary to perform surface modification on wollastonite. Wollastonite surface modification technology can be divided into: organic surface modification and inorganic surface modification. For organic surface modification, commonly used surface modifiers include silane coupling agents, titanate and aluminate coupling agents, surfactants and methyl methacrylate. Among them, silane coupling agent modification is one of the commonly used surface modification methods for wollastonite powder, and dry modification process is generally adopted. The amount of coupling agent used is related to the required coverage and specific surface area of the powder, and the amount is generally 0.5% to 1.5% of the mass of wollastonite. The technical background of inorganic surface modification is that wollastonite as a polymer filler often causes the color of the filler material to become darker, and the abrasion value is large, which is easy to wear the processing equipment; inorganic surface coating modification can improve the color of the wollastonite fiber filled polymer material and reduce its abrasion value. At present, the inorganic surface modification of wollastonite mineral fiber mainly adopts chemical precipitation method to coat nano calcium silicate, silicon dioxide and nano calcium carbonate on the surface. silica fume for high-strength concrete, Heavy density silica fume,Highly active microsilica powder, Silica fume for grouting material,Silica ash,siliceous dust,White silica fume.
2024 06/12
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Large quantities of high-quality silica fume (microsilica fume) will flood the market
Since 2021, China's solar photovoltaic (PV) industry has generated huge demand for industrial silicon, which has overtaken silicones to become one of the largest downstream markets for industrial silicon. With the huge outburst of industrial silicon prices, PV giants are trying to achieve upstream and downstream integration to avoid risks. Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Yunnan, Qinghai, Gansu and other places have under construction or planned construction of the whole industry chain projects, the investment amount is often tens of billions of dollars, the cumulative new industrial silicon production capacity of more than 1 million tonnes. The planned capacity of each project is between 5-400,000 tonnes, with obvious scale effect. Some projects are also combined with solar photovoltaic power generation, energy recycling, technology and cost advantages. With the entry of big players, the industry concentration of industrial silicon has significantly increased, and small plants are facing harsh competition for survival, with significant changes in the market pattern. Silica fume is one of the by-products of industrial silicon, and the high content of silica fume produced by industrial silicon is a higher-end product in the market. With the influx of a large number of high-quality and low-priced products into the market, the original low-end products will face a squeeze, especially the low content of the silica fume, its market share will be gradually lost, and may not even be able to get a foothold. In addition, the price of high-end ash will also be impacted. In the face of new changes, refinement and diversification is still one of the effective response.
2024 04/02
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Research status and development direction of modified wollastonite for plastics
Industrial wollastonite products can be divided into two categories: finely ground wollastonite and needle-like wollastonite. The former is mainly used in ceramics and metallurgical industry; the latter is mainly used for its fibrous physical and mechanical properties are widely used in plastics, rubber, paints, coatings, papermaking and other fields, especially in plastics is particularly notable. Wollastonite is a new type of functional filler, the chemical molecular formula for CaSiO3. Natural wollastonite is often white to grey, density 2.78 ~ 2.91g/cm3, hardness 4.5 ~ 5.0, mostly acicular, radial, fibrous aggregates, even if it is a tiny particles still maintain the fibrous structure. Industrial wollastonite products can be divided into two categories: finely ground wollastonite and acicular wollastonite. The former is mainly used in ceramics and metallurgical industry; the latter is mainly the use of its fibrous physical and mechanical properties are widely used in plastics, rubber, paints, coatings, paper and other fields, especially in plastics is particularly notable. Wollastonite in different plastics has many special advantages, but there are also wollastonite surface hydrophilic and oleophobic and plastic compatibility is not good, wollastonite's high hardness will wear the processing equipment and so on, so wollastonite for plastics must do a reasonable surface modification in order to give better play to the advantages of its application in plastics. At present, wollastonite surface modification methods mainly include: coupling agent surface modification method, mechanical force surface chemical modification method, surface inorganic coating method. Coupling agent surface modification method This is a traditional commonly used surface modification method, simple process, convenient operation. According to the coupling method, coupling agent surface modification method is divided into general coupling system and reaction coupling system, the former only add coupling agent, the latter at the same time add coupling agent and reactive assistant coupling agent. Commonly used coupling agents include silane coupling agent, stearic acid, aluminate, titanate, zirconate, methacrylic acid, polyethylene glycol, aluminium-titanium composite and other composite coupling agents. The action mechanism of this method is that one end of the coupling agent molecule can react with the surface of wollastonite, hydrophilicity becomes lipophilicity, forming a strong solid chemical bonding, and the other end of the nature of the organic matter can be physically entangled with the polymer molecules, improving the compatibility with the polymer matrix, so as to firmly combine the two kinds of materials with different properties. There are more specific examples of general coupling system applications. Yang Qi et al. found that the coupling treatment of ultrafine wollastonite has a toughening and strengthening effect on PP/POE system with good results. Liu Xinhai and other experiments show that fatty acid and titanate compound treatment of wollastonite chemisorption or chemical reaction, wollastonite modified product surface properties have changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic; infrared spectroscopy analysis results proved the formation of new grafts on the surface of wollastonite powder, that is, the product of surface modification. The results of the filling reinforcement application tests showed that the modified wollastonite powder has good reinforcement properties and excellent electrical insulation properties. Wei et al. found that the optimal process parameters for stearic acid modified wollastonite are: modifier dosage of 2%, modification time of 15-20min, and modification temperature of 70℃. The mechanical properties of the vulcanised film prepared by ultrafine modified wollastonite filled with natural rubber worked relatively well, with tensile strength up to 21.93 MPa (generally up to 19-20 MPa), elongation up to 642.0%, and hardness 57 Shore, which was higher than those of the silica-filled vulcanised film. Yang Yunbo et al. confirmed that coupling agent-treated ultrafine wollastonite and EPDM synergistically can play a good toughening effect on PP, although the tensile strength of the system is slightly decreased, while the elongation at break is significantly increased. Li Fumei et al. found that the surface treatment of wollastonite with coupling agent can improve the interfacial bonding between wollastonite and nylon, thus improving the mechanical properties of wollastonite/glass fibre reinforced nylon 6. Hu Shan et al. showed that wollastonite modified with silane coupling agent can achieve a good activation effect, added to the unsaturated polyester resin, with the increase of wollastonite dosage, the tensile strength, bending strength of the material increases, but there is a great value. Wu Xueming et al. studied two kinds of wollastonite rigid particles (one by polymethyl methacrylate surface modification, the other is not modified) filled with hard PVC found that, in a certain range of filling amount, the two kinds of wollastonite can improve the impact strength of PVC; the surface of the surface of a layer of PMMA coated with a layer of rigid particles of the second crushed wollastonite in the filling amount of 50, the optimum value of the impact strength of 9.1kJ/m2, tensile strength of 31.8MPa, the impact strength is the best value, and the impact strength is the best value, and the impact strength is the best value. strength was 31.8 MPa, which was 128% and 9% higher than the unfilled one, respectively. Jia Juanhua et al. showed that the surface treatment of wollastonite by coupling agent can improve the interfacial bonding properties of wollastonite and nylon, and the notched impact strength, tensile strength and flexural strength of wollastonite-reinforced nylon 66 increased, and the overall performance of the material was significantly improved. Xie Gang and other experiments found that the tensile strength, elongation at break, bending strength and flexural modulus of the blended materials filled with activated wollastonite have a substantial increase in the filling of activated wollastonite, the smaller the particle size of the blended materials filled with activated wollastonite, the better the mechanical properties of the blended materials. Zhou et al. showed that wollastonite can significantly improve the tensile modulus and flexural modulus of the composite material, and the appropriate amount of wollastonite makes the tensile strength and flexural strength of the material have a certain degree of improvement, but after the content of wollastonite is increased to 20%, the tensile and flexural strength of the material are decreased. Moreover, the reason that silane coupling agent treated wollastonite improves the mechanical properties of the combined reinforced materials is explained as follows: the coupling agent coated on the surface of wollastonite through strong interactions, such as chemical bonding, on the one hand, it reduces the surface energy of the filler, which is conducive to reducing the agglomeration of filler particles and improving the dispersion of the system; on the other hand, it can increase the hydrophobicity of the filler and improve the affinity between filler and the base polypropylene, which can increase the wettability and improve the mechanical properties of wollastonite. On the other hand, it can improve the hydrophobicity of the filler, improve the affinity between the filler and the base polypropylene, thus improving the wettability and the interfacial bonding between wollastonite and polypropylene.
2024 04/02
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Wollastonite: import and export price difference of ten times Where is the difference?
In 2009, the average price of China's wollastonite exports was US$118.06 per tonne, while the average price of imports was US$577.92 per tonne, with the average price of imports being 4.9 times the average price of exports. And the unit price of imports from Japan for 1147.71 U.S. dollars per tonne, is nearly 10 times the average price of domestic exports. The same mineral, why the price difference will be so huge? I'm afraid this starts in the 1980s. High-quality needle-like wollastonite resourcesChina's wollastonite mineral development and utilisation began in the early 1980s, a late start, the enterprise scale is generally small. The whole industry after the initial blossoming mining war and competing price war, customer competition, technology theft war, in the national industrial policy, market regulation and the committee's strong guidance, the industry began to try to resource integration and joint restructuring, to carry out inter-regional strong combination of enterprise production scale, product variety, economic benefits have been expanded and enhanced. China's wollastonite production and exports ranked the world ___. At present, China's wollastonite industry annual output of 550,000 tonnes of products exported to Japan, South Korea and Southeast Asia and other Asian countries and Germany, Spain and other European countries, exports amounted to 200,000 tonnes, accounting for 70% of the international market.Rapid development hidden fatal hidden dangerJanuary 2011 - May, wollastonite once head high, stride forward, turnover release, so that other raw materials for the same mineral brotherhood envy. 1 March, Jiangxi Xinyu southern wollastonite mining implementation of the new price, the price increase of 20-30 yuan / tonne, Anhui Guande Temple West wollastonite mine in April rose 12-20 yuan / tonne, Jilin Lishu Dadei Mountain Wollastonite Co. 30 yuan/tonne in May.In the wollastonite industry to move forward quickly, we should find that, although the wollastonite industry to achieve overall profitability, but the profit is still very low, especially the appreciation of the RMB and the export tax rebate rate from 8% to zero, compressed the profitability of the enterprise space, coupled with the increase in the number of mining projects, the cost of increasing mining and processing costs to improve the factors, so that the wollastonite industry, the gradual reduction of net profit.Although China's wollastonite industry as a whole is in a profitable benign development trend, but our eyes can not just stay in the vertical comparison with their own, we should be compared horizontally with other countries, compared to after, it is not difficult to find that we are with the price of wollastonite in some countries is very different. In today's highly developed technology, technology and equipment should be more powerful to drive the development of wollastonite industry."Check and mend" now vibrantProfit is the fundamental survival of enterprises, and how to make corporate profits ___, which is in front of the wollastonite enterprises a major problem. In particular, to narrow the price of wollastonite with other countries, then we need to improve the quality of their products, and to protect the environment from the premise of realising the benefits of ___. Wollastonite enterprises should do the following.Focus on national policy guidance. In the "building materials industry" Twelfth Five-Year "Development Guidance" (hereinafter referred to as "Opinions"), non-metallic mineral deep processing into a major highlight. Opinions" pointed out, to vigorously develop the wollastonite, quartz, fluorite, perlite and other non-metallic mineral materials as the focus of deep processing products. According to the "Opinions" planning, "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, in China's advantageous non-metallic mineral resources in concentrated areas, the construction of mining and deep processing industry base.Improve the degree of deep processing of products. According to foreign experts predicted that the proportion of future wollastonite application areas are as follows: ceramic industry and related sectors 6%; coatings, plastics and decorative materials 22%; asbestos substitutes 5%; El often life insulating items with insulating ceramic foam 12%; insulating ceramic foam for construction 6%; refractory insulating layer of ceramic foam 2%; casting production with ceramic foam 4%; slag concrete block face coatings 3%; papermaking Production 40%. It can be seen that a variety of applications require wollastonite industry to work on the deep processing of products. In the past two years, China's wollastonite enterprises, scientific research capabilities, mining equipment, processing technology, testing level than before greatly improved, therefore, it is more important to do a good job in the research and development of new products, needle powder, ultra-fine powder and modified powder processing technology innovation and other aspects. This can completely change the business mode of selling raw minerals, so that the enterprise to participate in international competition.Pay attention to the protection of the environment. No matter what industry should not make profits at the expense of the environment. Narrowing the price gap with other countries is to make efforts on the comprehensive utilisation of wollastonite and the added value of products on the premise of protecting the environment. Protection in the mining, mining in the protection, will be the wollastonite industry continues to develop.People do not have far-flung concerns, if the eyes will remain firmly in the level of profitability, then, after the low-priced exports, when our resources are facing depletion of the day, we need to spend what kind of price to import it. Therefore, we have to recognise this problem. Saving for a rainy day, in the case of "active", in accordance with national policies, with their own continuous efforts to improve the added value of products and the comprehensive use of wollastonite, in the future international market for bargaining and pricing power, to obtain their rightful place, the "passive"! Leave the "passive" to others, this is the industry's way of doing business.
2024 04/02
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Xinyu wollastonite products are popular in the "Belt and Road" co-construction countries
Recently, in Renhe Township, Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province, workers of Xinyu Southern Wollastonite Co., Ltd. were busy on the production line of intelligent mineral processing equipment, screening ores for the production of wollastonite powder. The company's products are mainly sold to Southeast Asia, India, the United Arab Emirates, Iran and other "Belt and Road" countries.The picture shows Xinyu Customs officers supervising the export of wollastonite in the company's warehouse.The picture shows that Xinyu Customs officers are supervising the export of wollastonite in the warehouse of the enterprise.According to statistics, from January to July this year, Xinyu exported 58,700 tonnes of wollastonite products, such as needle powder, to the "Belt and Road" countries, an increase of 8.1% year-on-year. Wollastonite (wollastonite) is an important emerging non-metallic minerals. Belongs to the single chain silicate minerals, the main component is Ca3Si3O9. triclinic crystal system, usually flaky, radial or fibrous aggregates. White with greyish colour. It is mainly produced in the contact metamorphic zone of acidic intrusive rocks and limestone, and it is the main mineral component of skarn. In addition, also seen in some deep metamorphic rocks. According to reports, Jiangxi Xinyu wollastonite is rich in resources, with abundant high-grade wollastonite mineral resources, forming a regional characteristic industry. The wollastonite resources in the Shizhushan area of Yushui District of the city amount to 117 million tonnes, which is the world's largest wollastonite deposit, laying a solid resource foundation for the development of the local wollastonite industry and even the development of China's wollastonite industry. In recent years, Jiangxi Xinyu wollastonite industry and a number of colleges and universities to form an alliance, relying on universities to speed up the product iteration and upgrade, the introduction of patented technology for the production and processing of ultrafine wollastonite needle powder, greatly enhancing the added value of the product. Surface-modified ultrafine wollastonite needle powder is known as "industrial monosodium glutamate", widely used in plastics, rubber, paints, coatings and other industries and gas filtration materials and insulation materials; metallurgical flux.At present, wollastonite in the world's largest use of the industry is still ceramics and metallurgy, the two traditional markets. But ultrafine wollastonite needle powder, as a new product listed in the national catalogue of strategic emerging materials, is one of the directions we will focus on in the future. We have introduced a new production line from Germany, which can finely process wollastonite powder to 3000-6000 mesh, which is 30 times finer than flour, and adds several times or even dozens of times more value than the original product. In order to help the transformation and upgrading of wollastonite industry and develop overseas markets such as "Belt and Road" countries, Xinyu Customs, a subsidiary of Nanchang Customs, has actively carried out the activity of "sending policies to the door by the head of the Customs", and carried out on-site research on a number of wollastonite enterprises in Renhe Township, Yushui District, to fully understand the enterprises' needs in terms of customs clearance, origin of origin, and other relevant issues. To understand the problems of enterprises in customs clearance, visa of origin, fumigation certificate, etc., and take "zero enterprise problem" as the starting point, establish tracking service mechanism and implement a package of helping measures. For the introduction of production lines and finished products export demand, the whole process to follow up on the introduction of production lines project progress, in advance of the docking enterprise imported equipment plans, the implementation of equipment destination unloading synchronous inspection, equipment installation synchronous inspection, to ensure that a number of batches of imported equipment rapid release for use; for the export of products for the large amount of wooden packaging, for the fumigation certificate for a large number of batches of cases, according to the enterprise shipment plan for the development of the inspection arrangements. Adopting "on-site sampling batch + video verification" to improve inspection efficiency and speed up visa issuance; at the same time, providing enterprises with precise guidelines on the policies of "Belt and Road" countries, guiding enterprises to make full use of tariff preferential policies such as FTAs, and implementing Certificate of Origin (CO), Intelligent Document Examination, Remote Autonomous Printing, etc. At the same time, it provides precise guidelines for enterprises on the policies of the "Belt and Road" countries, guides them to make full use of the preferential tariff policies of FTAs, and implements paperless facilitation measures, such as intelligent single-issue examination and remote self-printing, so that they can apply for certificates of origin without leaving home.
2023 09/05
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